Ansible 安装和配置
Ansible 说明
安装
配置基本概念
Ansible 基本配置文件顺序
- Ansible 执行的时候会按照以下顺序查找配置项,所以修改的时候要特别注意改的是哪个文件
ANSIBLE_CONFIG (环境变量)
ansible.cfg (脚本所在当前目录下)
~/.ansible.cfg (用户家目录下,默认没有)
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg(安装后会自动生成)
配置远程主机地址 (Ansible 称这些地址为 Inventory)
给这三台机子设置免密登录的情况(一般推荐方式)
- 编辑 Ansible 配置文件:
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
- 添加如下内容
[hadoop-host]
192.168.0.223
192.168.0.70
192.168.0.103
- 其中
[hadoop-host]
表示这些主机代表的一个组名
如果不设置免密,直接采用账号密码(容易泄露信息)
- 编辑 Ansible 配置文件:
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
- 添加如下内容
[hadoop-host]
hadoop-master ansible_host=192.168.0.223 ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
hadoop-node1 ansible_host=192.168.0.70 ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
hadoop-node2 ansible_host=192.168.0.103 ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
简单使用(ad hoc
方式)
运行 Ansible
- 运行 Ansible 的
ping
命令,看看配置正确时输出如下:
sudo ansible --private-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa all -m ping
ansible all -a 'ps'
- 让远程所有 hadoop-host 组的主机都执行
ps
命令,输出如下
ansible hadoop-host -a 'ps'
Playbook 脚本方式
简单脚本
- 下面脚本让所有远程主机执行
whoami
命令,并把结果(当前用户名)输出到 /opt/whoami.txt
文件
- 创建脚本文件:
vim /opt/simple-playbook.yml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: whoami
shell: 'whoami > /opt/whoami.txt'
- 执行命令:
ansible-playbook /opt/simple-playbook.yml
,结果如下,并且 opt 下也有文件生成
PLAY [all] **************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.0.223]
ok: [192.168.0.103]
ok: [192.168.0.70]
TASK [whoami] ***********************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.103]
changed: [192.168.0.223]
changed: [192.168.0.70]
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.103 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.0.223 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.0.70 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
平时用来测试
- 创建脚本文件:
vim /opt/test-playbook.yml
- hosts: hadoop-test
remote_user: root
vars:
java_install_folder: /usr/local
tasks:
# 按行的方式写入
- name: Set JAVA_HOME 1
lineinfile:
dest=/etc/profile
line="JAVA_HOME={{ java_install_folder }}/jdk1.8.0_181"
# 按块的方式写入,#{mark} 会被自动替换成:begin 和 end 字符来包裹整块内容(我这里自己定义了词语)
- name: Set JAVA_HOME 2
blockinfile:
path: /etc/profile
marker: "#{mark} JDK ENV"
marker_begin: "开始"
marker_end: "结束"
block: |
export JAVA_HOME={{ java_install_folder }}/jdk1.8.0_181
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
- 执行命令:
ansible-playbook /opt/test-playbook.yml
更多 playbook 实战
禁用防火墙(CentOS 7.x)
- 创建脚本文件:
vim /opt/disable-firewalld-playbook.yml
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Disable SELinux at next reboot
selinux:
state: disabled
- name: disable firewalld
command: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- systemctl stop firewalld
- systemctl disable firewalld
- setenforce 0
基础环境(CentOS 7.x)
- 创建脚本文件:
vim /opt/install-basic-playbook.yml
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Disable SELinux at next reboot
selinux:
state: disabled
- name: disable firewalld
command: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- systemctl stop firewalld
- systemctl disable firewalld
- setenforce 0
- name: install-basic
command: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- yum install -y zip unzip lrzsz git epel-release wget htop deltarpm
- name: install-vim
shell: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- yum install -y vim
- curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wklken/vim-for-server/master/vimrc > ~/.vimrc
- name: install-docker
shell: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
- yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- yum makecache fast
- yum install -y docker-ce
- systemctl start docker.service
- docker run hello-world
- name: install-docker-compose
shell: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.18.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
- chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
- docker-compose --version
- systemctl restart docker.service
- systemctl enable docker.service
- 执行命令:
ansible-playbook /opt/install-basic-playbook.yml
修改 hosts
- 创建脚本文件:
vim /opt/hosts-playbook.yml
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: update hosts
blockinfile:
path: /etc/hosts
block: |
192.168.0.223 linux01
192.168.0.223 linux02
192.168.0.223 linux03
192.168.0.223 linux04
192.168.0.223 linux05
- 执行命令:
ansible-playbook /opt/hosts-playbook.yml
部署 JDK
- 创建脚本文件:
vim /opt/jdk8-playbook.yml
- hosts: hadoop-host
remote_user: root
vars:
java_install_folder: /usr/local
tasks:
- name: copy jdk
copy: src=/opt/jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz dest={{ java_install_folder }}
- name: tar jdk
shell: chdir={{ java_install_folder }} tar zxf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz
- name: set JAVA_HOME
blockinfile:
path: /etc/profile
marker: "#{mark} JDK ENV"
block: |
JAVA_HOME={{ java_install_folder }}/jdk1.8.0_181
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME
export JRE_HOME
export PATH
export CLASSPATH
- name: source profile
shell: source /etc/profile
- 执行命令:
ansible-playbook /opt/jdk8-playbook.yml
部署 Hadoop 集群
- 创建脚本文件:
vim /opt/hadoop-playbook.yml
- 刚学 Ansible,不好动配置文件,所以就只保留环境部分的设置,其他部分自行手工~
- hosts: hadoop-host
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Creates directory
file:
path: /data/hadoop/hdfs/name
state: directory
- name: Creates directory
file:
path: /data/hadoop/hdfs/data
state: directory
- name: Creates directory
file:
path: /data/hadoop/hdfs/tmp
state: directory
- name: set HADOOP_HOME
blockinfile:
path: /etc/profile
marker: "#{mark} HADOOP ENV"
block: |
HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
export HADOOP_HOME
export PATH
- name: source profile
shell: source /etc/profile
- 执行命令:
ansible-playbook /opt/hadoop-playbook.yml
资料